ABSTRACT
Objectives@#This study aimed to determine if a 5-day lifestyle diary could be used to survey the frequency of consumption of cariogenic foods, as well as clean foods that reduce the formation of bacterial film on the tooth surface, and reveal the association between dietary intake factors and dental caries. @*Methods@#60 participants of the Healing School located in Jinan, Jeollabuk-do were asked to record a 5-day diet diary (4 days on weekdays and 1 day on weekends), and 53 participants (average age 42.6±1.16 years) were selected without exclusions. The results were cross-analyzed using frequency analysis (P=0.05). @*Results@#The frequency of cariogenic food consumption showed a significant positive correlation with the frequency of clean food consumption (P<0.05), total food consumption (P<0.001), and cariogenic food consumption (P<0.001). @*Conclusions@#Oral health indicators may be improved if dental hygiene management is customized by investigating ways to reduce and prevent oral diseases early on the basis of dietary intake.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#To investigate the effect of nicotine on the healing of an oral cavity wound, high and low concentrations of nicotine were administered on human gingival fibroblasts. @*Methods@#Nicotine at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mM were administered to gingival fibroblasts to evaluate the survival capability of the cells. Nicotine at 0.1 mM, a nonapoptotic concentration, was administered to evaluate apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide cell staining.Nicotine at 1, 10, and 100 mM were administered to measure the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which was measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. FGF was treated with an additional 1, 10, or 100 mM of nicotine to evaluate cell proliferation and wound healing. @*Results@#As the concentration of nicotine increased (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mM), the survival capability of the cells reduced. When cells were exposed to low nicotine concentration (0.1 mM) for 24 h, apoptosis occurred. Moreover, if the cell was exposed for 48 h, cell apoptosis occurred with necrosis. As the concentration of nicotine increased (1, 10, and 100 mM), more inflammatory cytokines were expressed. When EC LPS and TF LPS were combined with a low concentration of nicotine (1 and 10 mM), the expression of inflammatory cytokines was suppressed. The FGF level decreased as the nicotine concentration increased (1, 10, and 100 mM). @*Conclusions@#Nicotine interferes with the wound healing process of gingival fibroblasts. To maintain the wound healing process after a surgery or dental procedure, cessation of smoking is recommended.
ABSTRACT
Objectives@#To investigate the effect of nicotine on the healing of an oral cavity wound, high and low concentrations of nicotine were administered on human gingival fibroblasts. @*Methods@#Nicotine at concentrations of 0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mM were administered to gingival fibroblasts to evaluate the survival capability of the cells. Nicotine at 0.1 mM, a nonapoptotic concentration, was administered to evaluate apoptosis using Annexin V-FITC/Propidium Iodide cell staining.Nicotine at 1, 10, and 100 mM were administered to measure the expression of inflammatory cytokines, which was measured by RT-PCR and ELISA. FGF was treated with an additional 1, 10, or 100 mM of nicotine to evaluate cell proliferation and wound healing. @*Results@#As the concentration of nicotine increased (0.1, 1, 5, and 10 mM), the survival capability of the cells reduced. When cells were exposed to low nicotine concentration (0.1 mM) for 24 h, apoptosis occurred. Moreover, if the cell was exposed for 48 h, cell apoptosis occurred with necrosis. As the concentration of nicotine increased (1, 10, and 100 mM), more inflammatory cytokines were expressed. When EC LPS and TF LPS were combined with a low concentration of nicotine (1 and 10 mM), the expression of inflammatory cytokines was suppressed. The FGF level decreased as the nicotine concentration increased (1, 10, and 100 mM). @*Conclusions@#Nicotine interferes with the wound healing process of gingival fibroblasts. To maintain the wound healing process after a surgery or dental procedure, cessation of smoking is recommended.
ABSTRACT
The ultrastructural parameters related to synaptic release of endings which are presynaptic to tooth pulp afferent terminals (p-endings) were analyzed to understand the underlying mechanism for presynaptic modulation of tooth pulp afferents. Tooth pulp afferents were labelled by applying wheat-germ agglutinin conjugated horseradish peroxidase to the rat right lower incisor, whereafter electron microscopic morphometric analysis with serial section and reconstruction of p-endings in the trigeminal oral nucleus was performed. The results obtained from 15 p-endings presynaptic to 11 labeled tooth pulp afferent terminals were as follows. P-endings contained pleomorphic vesicles and made symmetrical synaptic contacts with labeled terminals. The p-endings showed small synaptic release-related ultrastructural parameters: volume, 0.82 ± 0.45 µm³ (mean ± SD); surface area, 4.50 ± 1.76 µm²; mitochondrial volume, 0.15 ± 0.07 µm³; total apposed surface area, 0.69 ± 0.24 µm²; active zone area, 0.10 ± 0.04 µm²; total vesicle number, 1045 ± 668.86; and vesicle density, 1677 ± 684/µm². The volume of the p-endings showed strong positive correlation with the following parameters: surface area (r=0.97, P<0.01), mitochondrial volume (r=0.56, P<0.05), and total vesicle number (r=0.73, P<0.05). However, the volume of p-endings did not positively correlate or was very weakly correlated with the apposed surface area (r=-0.12, P=0.675) and active zone area (r=0.46, P=0.084). These results show that some synaptic release-related ultrastructural parameters of p-endings on the tooth pulp afferent terminals follow the "size principle" of Pierce and Mendell (1993) in the trigeminal nucleus oralis, but other parameters do not. Our findings may demonstrate a characteristic feature of synaptic release associated with p-endings.